Market Growth of Imported Wine in China Free Essays

Market Growth of Imported Wine in China By Yuki Mabuchi Brief Introduction With quick development of Chinese GDP in the course of recent years, China is currently the world’s quickest developing wine utilization advertise yet still has tremendous potential as a market development. Since Wine drinking is viewed as a more advantageous option in contrast to spirits and to some degree stylish, red wine is especially mainstream in China. Be that as it may, 90% of the wine expended in China is still delivered locally, and it is showcased as low value wines. We will compose a custom article test on Market Growth of Imported Wine in China or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Along these lines, it is incomprehensible for imported wines to contend with Chinese wines on the cost. Each imported wine organization are tested to discover their separation and own promoting instruments. Despite the fact that showcase rate for imported wines is 10%, the possibilities for proceeded with development are immense in light of the quick increment in riches and expanding urbanization of the populace. The fundamental subject for my exploration is to break down market development of imported wines in China followed by Chinese WTO guidelines. The exploration appraises the effect of market development as indicated by import tax rate which declined to 14% since China joined WTO. What's more, all imported wines are dependent upon a scope of extra assessments, obligations or charges, for example, alcohol charge, instruction charge, esteem included expenses and utilization charges. These expenses, obligations and charges are considered in the investigation which gauges the effect of a duty decrease on the retail cost of imported wines in China. The exploration will show measurement investigation of imported wine advertise from various nations distinctive perspective. Moreover, the exploration will focus to a particular nation, for example, Australia and New Zealand. In the previous five years, Australia has been step by step picking up piece of the overall industry of packaged wines from conventional market pioneers including France, Italy and Spain. Nonetheless, since a zero levy has been applied to Australia’s neighbor nation New Zealand, going ahead with Australian wine industry will confront difficulties. The contextual investigation will show the difficulties presented by import duties on the Australian wines division by looking at New Zealand wine showcase in China. Framework Arrangement of each segment; I. Presentation * Explain why this point is intriguing which is to examine showcase structure of imported wines from various nations and their opposition and difficulties for having taxes and burdens in China. * Explain how I will circulate this exploration which will incorporate insights of imported wine items or organization in China and chart of market development. II. Writing survey * Development of imported wine showcase since China joined WT? ?. WTO Regulatory Overview 1. Import Tariff on wine 2. Import obligation and charges 3. Marking Regulations 4. Licensed innovation IV. Market Overview 1. China wine advertise size 2. Shopper profiles 3. Dissemination Channels * Economic investigation of how import obligations influence cost on the imported wine. * Statistic examination by various country’s wine circulation V. Australian wine VS New Zealand wine * Introduction of Australian and New Zealand wine Statistic examination on both market in China * The effect of exchange size after zero tax on New Zealand * Challenge of Australian wine VI. End * Prediction of market development for imported wine later on. * Challenge of future accomplishment and battle between nearby delivered Schedule of my proposition Plan to complete in 4 months time span * December/January †Find however many materials as could be allowed and bunch all the materi als by area and take updates * January/February †Write theory * March/April †Finalize postulation w = 1 * ROMAN Iith director Step by step instructions to refer to Market Growth of Imported Wine in China, Essay models

The Evolution Of Apple free essay sample

# 8211 ; January 1976 To May 1995 Essay, Research Paper The Evolution of Apple # 8211 ; January 1976 to May 1995 Let # 8217 ; s travel back in cut and reevaluate the improvement of a figuring machine organization. It # 8217 ; s non IBM or Microsoft. This organization is Apple Computers, Incorporated. In the twelvemonth 1976, preceding a great many people even idea about buying a processing machine for their places. Back so the processing machine network indicated a couple of brainy specialist. So when Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs sold another wave and two programmable reckoners for 13 hundred dollars and began Apple Computers, Inc. , in Occupations carport, the range for progress appeared to be far. Yet, these two youthful concern work powers, Wozniak 26 mature ages old and Jobs 21 mature ages old, had a dream. # 8220 ; Computers aren # 8217 ; T for swots any more, # 8221 ; they reported. # 8220 ; Computers are going to be the bicycle of the head. Ease processing machines for everybody. # 8221 ; From the initial twenty-four hours on the laminitiss of Apple kept their vision unblemished, and they talked it at each curve. They simply employed individuals into the organization that had the same dreams as they did. In mid 1976 Wozniak and Jobs finish take a shot at a preassembled processing machine circuit board. It has no Product console, example, sound or works of art. They consider it the Apple I. They structure the Apple Computer Company on April Fool # 8217 ; s Day and sold the Mac I board for $ 666.66 at the Home blend Computer Club in Palo Alto, California. In 1977 the Apple II is accessible to the general people. Completely gathered and pretested, it incorporates 4K of standard memory, and comes furnished with two game paddles and a demo tape. The financial worth is $ 1,298. Clients utilize their ain Television set as a delegate and shop anticipates sound tape recording types of gear. Look at this fiscal incentive with processing machines today. The fiscal incentive about the equivalent, however the registering machine has changed gigantically. In 1979 Apple II+ is presented, accessible with 48K of memory and another auto-start ROM for simpler startup and screen redacting for $ 1,195. Apple II Pascal is other than discharged. In 1980 Apple FORTRAN acquainted and demonstrates with be a quickening agent for significant level capable and instructive applications. Apple III declared at the National PC Conference. It has another working framework, a sacred circle bookkeeper also, four fringe openings evaluated at $ 3,495, the Apple III is the most exceptional framework in the organization # 8217 ; s history. Product In 1981 Accessory Products Division framed to oversee creation of pressmans, modems and different peripherals. The Apple Language Card is presented. It permits Apple II clients to run designs in either Pascal, FORTRAN or Pilot. The IEEE-488 interface card is reported and permits Apple II processing machines to be connected to over 1,400 logical and capable instruments. Universal Business Machines went ahead the Personal PC scene in August of 1981 with the IBM Personal Computer. Apple welcomes its new opponent with a full-page advertisement in the Wall Street Journal with a feature that peruses, # 8220 ; Welcome IBM. Truly. # 8221 ; Apple # 8217 ; s first mass stockpiling framework was other than presented this twelvemonth, the 5MB ProFile troublesome plate, evaluated at $ 3,499. In November of 1983 AppleWorks, a fuse group consolidating word handling, spreadsheet, and database applications across the board, is presented also, will in a matter of seconds go the universe # 8217 ; s best promoting bundle. In February of 1985 Jobs and Wozniak get National Technology Medal from President Reagan at the White House. The ImageWriter II, HD-20 troublesome plate and Apple Personal Modem were other than presented this twelvemonth. In January of 1987 Apple presented another work area interchanges stocks counting the AppleShare document server bundle and AppleTalk PC Card. They are estimated at $ 799 and $ 399. Other than presented in 1987 is the AppleFax Modem, evaluated at $ 699. Presently you get a copy modem with the acquisition of an Apple registering machine. In February of 1988 Apple presents AppleCD SC, an optical stockpiling gadget that offers course to massive aggregates of data. Valued at $ 1,199, an individual Compact circle read-just memory phonograph record can hive away up to 270,000 pages of typewritten data. Other than in 1988 Apple documents suit against Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard to ensure its Macintosh sound visual show. The case is viewed as holding industry expansive reasonings sing right of first distribution Torahs. In late 1988 Apple presents the Macintosh IIx figuring machine, estimated at $ 7,769. It is the principal Macintosh II registering machine to use Motorola # 8217 ; s 68030 chip and 68882 math co-processor. It is other than the first Macintosh to coordinate FDHD, Floppy Drive High Density, Apple # 8217 ; s new 1.44MB floppy plate push that can peruse and make to MS-DOS, OS/2 and ProDOS positions. Other than another group of stars is declared for the Macintosh SE. The new unit trademark s two Ms of RAM and an interior 40 M troublesome push. It retails for $ 5,069. From April till July of 1989 Apple II Video Overlay Card is presented. It gives picture sheathing capablenesss to the Apple IIGS. Other than presented was Apple # 8217 ; s 32-Bit QuickDraw that permits Macintosh individualized computing machines to treat what's more, uncover photograph quality paperss, pictures and visual pictures with surpassing shading clarity. Apple other than divulges in excess of a twelve new systems administration and conveying stocks this twelvemonth to expand Macintosh similarity in multi dealer situations, including DEC, IBM, OSI and TCP/IP. In July of 1989 Apple IIGS System Software 5.0 is declared. It is the initial 16-piece working framework for the Apple IIGS that works over the AppleTalk web framework. In the mid twelvemonth of 1991 Apple demands the Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) to permit registering machines pass on and have data over remote moving edges, clearing the way for another industry, called Data Personal Communications Servicess ( Data-PCS ) . In October of 1991 Apple, IBM, and Motorola finish milepost building confederation. The confederation comprises of five particular building undertakings: 1. ) Better coordinating of Macintosh PCs into IBM # 8217 ; s networks ; 2. ) another family unit of RISC chip for Personal PCs and passage level workstations ; 3. ) PowerOpen # 8212 ; another loosened frameworks condition got from AIX ( IBM # 8217 ; s industry-standard variant of UNIX ) ; 4. ) Kaleida # 8212 ; another sight and sound joint endeavor that will make and permit new mixed media building ; 5. ) Taligent # 8212 ; a cutting edge runing condition dependent on object-situated building. In May of 1992 IBM, Motorola and Apple authoritatively commit another establishment that will work as the point of convergence of structure and improvement endeavors for the PowerPC family of single-chip, decreased bearing set software engineering ( RISC ) microchips. In 1993, during the one-year Apple Worldwide Developers Conference, Apple exhibits a worldview Macintosh registering machine running on a 80 MHz PowerPC 601 processor, achieving another open introduction degree in the business. The organization other than exhibits PowerPC-similarity with bing Macintosh applications bundle. In the start of 1994 Apple discloses Power Macintosh 6100/60, 7100/66 A ; 8100/80 another line of Apple Macintosh registering machines energized by the PowerPC microchip. The Apple Power Macintosh line trounces Pentium processor-based PCs in an autonomous overview led by Ingram Laboratories. In the terminal of this twelvemonth taking industry engineers declare support for second-age Force Macintosh with PCI ( Personal Component Interconnect ) . In January of 1995 Apple Ships QuickTime VR, passing on down to earth world to Mac and Windows individualized computing machines. The Power Macintosh 6100/66, 7100/80 what's more, 8100/100 occultations quickest Pentium-based frameworks by a standard of 38 % considers Ingram Laboratories. In the mid-year of 1995 Apple hails FCC assurance to allocate 10 Megahertz of remote range for low-power, remote informations interchanges, # 8220 ; Data-PCS. # 8221 ; Besides this twelvemonth Pioneer licenses Apple # 8217 ; s Mac OS for utilization in Pioneer # 8217 ; s new line of individualized computing machines. Interactive media client experience improved with new Apple Cadmium 600e quad speed CD-ROM member. Apple gives synergistic Television set-top designing for a six area trial of synergistic instructive planning with Light range Partnership, Inc. Apple and IBM concur to gracefully multi-stage application advancement instruments to empower clients to manufacture use applications using OpenDoc designing. Apple divulges the accompanying coevals of Mac OS at its Worldwide Developers Conference. AT A ; T and Apple mark mixed media correspondences comprehension to flexibly picture conferencing and work area coaction capablenesss using QuickTime Conferencing designing and WorldWorx Network Services. Apple Petitions FCC one time again to make unaccredited fast radio # 8220 ; National Information Infrastructure Band. # 8221 ; I trust you change the way you consider Apple registering machines since you know a little spot of history on the organization. At the point when I state a little spot. I mean this 6 page research project was simply one eighth of the data that I assembled on this organization. Catalog Notice To Articles In Monthly Ma

What I Wish I Knew About Taking a Language COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

What I Wish I Knew About Taking a Language COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Thanks to Amanda Schmitt MIA ’19 for this guest blog post! Amanda’s concentration is Human Rights and Humanitarian Policy with a regional specialization in the Middle East. When I started at SIPA, I knew that my goal was to reach a proficient level of Modern Standard Arabic by the time I graduated so thereafter I could spend time working in the Middle East or in an intensive Arabic program to convert that knowledge into working level proficiency. But I also knew that taking four semesters of Arabic, at 5 units/class, with daily homework and four sessions each week, would mean giving up other SIPA opportunities. Besides the language courses that SIPA offers, most other language courses are offered through Columbia University with both undergraduates and graduate students from other Columbia programs. When deciding between the MIA or MPA degree and before deciding on your course schedule, I strongly suggest considering the tangible cost-benefit of taking language courses during SIPA for your career upon graduation.   Due to the format of MIA vs MPA and our very international program, most students come in already speaking multiple languages and can pass out of the MIA language requirement, or they choose an MPA (though a concentration in EPD still has a foreign language component). But for Seeples who feel they need the international emphasis of the MIA degree and have certain language requirements yet to fulfill, I have some advice. Questions to ask yourself about learning another language in graduate school: Is it necessary for your job aspirations and anticipated job applications to leave SIPA at the intermediate etc. level of language proficiency? I knew that my short-term career goals required these language skills, but for peers that anticipate language needs in the long-term, there may be more inexpensive ways to learn the language after SIPA. This consideration should also take into account the skills you perceive as most necessary for job applications after SIPA and which courses would most effectively fulfill those needs, language or otherwise.   If you are starting from Year I, Level I and plan to take 4 semesters of language courses, are you willing to give up 4-7 SIPA/policy courses for your language coursework? Language courses range from 3-5 units. Since Arabic is 5 units each semester, I put 20 units toward Arabic, giving up potentially 6+ SIPA courses.   Are you prepared to take on a heavy course load each semester to complete the language courses required and your SIPA requirements? For me, this meant taking about 18 units three of four semesters. (If you want to take over 18 units in a semester, the additional cost for me was $1100/credit.) What other priorities do you have for your time at SIPA? I did not get as involved in student organizations, campus jobs, or internships because I had 16-18 units most semesters with daily language homework. However, this varies by individual and what you feel comfortable taking on.   Is it necessary for you to take Columbia language courses? Or could there be another way you could study the language (external language courses, summer courses, Language Resource Center tutoring, group language practice sessions, etc.)? This consideration varies by language and individual learning style. Since Columbia emphasizes Modern Standard Arabic as a baseline for beginning to study Arabic, I will still need to learn colloquial Arabic afterward, which (inshallah) should be easier because of this background. For people learning a language that does not significantly distinguish in form between formal and colloquial, the courses may allow you to reach a working level proficiency if starting from scratch, or be unnecessarily formal if starting from some base of understanding. I highly recommend assessing which format of study would be your most efficient, cost-effective, and timely to your goals.   The main takeaway: before taking a language at graduate school, consider how critical it is to your short-term career goals and whether you are willing to take the tradeoff of the other potential policy coursework that it would necessarily replace. The Admissions Committee looks for clarity of vision among applicants, regardless of language determinations, so I recommend focusing on how to most effectively enjoy your learning opportunity while converting your time at SIPA into tangible growth for your career. I think language skills are extremely important, both for professional application and personal cross-cultural understanding and growth, so this piece is not at all intended to discourage Seeples from learning additional languages! I just hope to help incoming students more pragmatically assess the most effective use of your two years at SIPA. As you decide MPA vs MIA and whether to take language courses, please consider these components so you can maximize your time at SIPA.

Edna Pontellier Rejects Her Woman/Mother Image in The...

A bird view of the historical context of The Awakening gives me ample evidence to reinstate the thesis statement: Edna Pontellelier does not reject her children; she neglects only her women/mother image. The novel The Awakening was written at the end of the nineteenth century which was fundamentally characterized by change. A wide spectrum of disciplines and structures were facing created tensions between old and new. It was the time of industrialization, urbanization which contributed lots of impetus for socio-politico- and cultural change. It was a time of transition provided by emerging trends like Darwins theory of evolution, the Higher Criticism of the Bible, continuing movements in women suffrage. All these†¦show more content†¦In the Novel, she is neither portrayed as flawless heroine nor as a fallen woman. Her rebellious nature seemed to have been a byproduct of her self-centred nature which manifests in the actualization of her whims and fancies (Kelly, 2001). Finally, her decision to commit suicide can also be interpreted in several ways which come to my assistance to reaffirm the thesis statement that Edna does not reject her children but rejects her mother image. Her decision to commit suicide can be an act of cowardice, because, she finds herself all alone opposed in every way not to be what she wants to be. This proves that she hates the society that binds her in an unrealistic world that does not befit her nature. She does not want to be confined to the society and that she sees death as an escape from the society which is accompanied by the repercussion that she has to leave her children too (The Awakening: Themes, Motifs, Symbols, n.d.). Another interpretation that strengthens my argument is that she loves the reputation of her sons. She knows that she cannot live a life confined to the society, and she knows that her passion for sexual gratification, art and freedom would certainly lead her away from the family, which might adversely affect her children (The Awakening, n.d.). Therefore, for the benefit of her children, she willingly embraces death as an opportunity to save the reputation of her sons. This isShow MoreRelatedThe Awakening Heroines Journey1687 Words   |  7 Pages Edna Pontellier, from The Awakening by Kate Chopin, finds herself crying for no apparent reason, with the voice of the sea comforting and inviting her to its depths. It is this moment that Edna realizes her unhappiness is due to an oppression within her. The Awakening is set in the late nineteenth century during summer vacation on the island named, Grand Isle, and follows the self-discovering journey of Edna Pontellier. Edna’s husba nd Là ¨once Pontellier leaves for a business trip which gives EdnaRead More Choosing between Family and Individuality in Kate Chopins The Awakening2309 Words   |  10 PagesChoosing between Family and Individuality in Kate Chopins The Awakening      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kate Chopins The Awakening focuses on a womans struggle to become an individual while still being a mother and wife. In the process of this journey, the female heroine discovers that establishing her own identity means losing a mothers identity. Edna looks to be the brave soul, a soul that dares and defies (Chopin 61). Ednas society looked down upon females who seek anything other than attending toRead More Ambiguity in Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay3597 Words   |  15 PagesAmbiguity in The Awakening      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Leonce Pontellier, the husband of Edna Pontellier in Kate Chopins The Awakening, becomes very perturbed when his wife, in the period of a few months, suddenly drops all of her responsibilities. After she admits that she has let things go, he angrily asks, on account of what? Edna is unable to provide a definite answer, and says, Oh! I dont know. Let me along; you bother me (108). The uncertainty she expresses springs out of the ambiguous nature of theRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1685 Words   |  7 PagesThe Swim to Happiness â€Å"Even as a child she had lived her own small life all within herself. At a very early period she had apprehended instinctively the dual life—that outward existence which conforms, the inward life which questions† (Chopin 18). The Victorian Era created a clear distinguishment between male and female roles in society, where women were expected to behave feminine-like, be responsible for domestic duties and have little involvement in society. This created a heavy oppression uponRead More Liberation in The Awakening and Their Eyes Were Watching God3709 Words   |  15 PagesKate Chopins The Awakening and Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God With few exceptions, our male dominated society has traditionally feared, repressed, and stymied the growth of women. As exemplified in history, man has always enjoyed a superior position. According to Genesis in the Old Testament, the fact that man was created first has led to the perception that man should rule. However, since woman was created from man’s rib, there is a strong argument that woman was meant to work

The Grand Canyon By Henry Morris - 1449 Words

There is a famous saying that goes something like: if you take God out of the picture, there will be no answer. However, many people take God or gods out of the many aspects of their lives. Now, if God is mentioned in a debate or topic, it creates controversies and is specifically targeted by critics. Topics or questions such as evolution or the origins of the universe have long been debated, studied, and researched. Starting in the 19th century, evolution has been a long debated popular topic among many people. A major 20th Century alternative belief to evolution is scientific creationism. This became prevalent through the leading institute for promoting, forming, and researching the doctrine of scientific creationism: the Institute of†¦show more content†¦It is the belief that the world is around ten thousand years old. The idea or belief is far from the findings of science which calculate the age of the earth to be around five billion years old. The data considered solid by scientists such as the astronomical measurements on stars, dating of rocks, and the reconstructions of the history of life on the planet are based on the calculation that the earth is five billion years old. Almost all of the things that science has researched and discovered are based on the calculation that the earth is around five billion years old, but scientific creationism argues against all of the proof and claims that the earth is young. The age of the earth, in the eyes of scientific creationism, is calculated first by creating a genealogical table. Starting with Adam, the man considered to be the first human, the genealogy should be studied until the birth of Christ. This will give you the approximate age of the earth. However, there is another controversial topic: the length of the day. Scientific creationism believes that the length of the day in Genesis chapter one is a literal 24 hour day, however there are other theories that the day might be longer and may not even be confined within the human realm.† The belief that the world is roughly ten thousand years old became widespread mostly because of the scientific creationists convincing people

Characteristics and Statement Free Essays

Peninsula Boulevard Hempstead, NY 1 1 550 Attention: Dry. Rodney Gilmore, Associate Superintendent for Personnel Services Dear Dry. Gilmore: I am Interested In applying for a Social Worker or Counselor position In your organization that was advertised on alas. We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics and Statement or any similar topic only for you Order Now Com. It Is my goal to utilize my experience and skills to create an environment both enjoyable and conducive to learning. I am passionate and enthusiastic about giving back to the community and to make a costive contribution to this school. As a school counselor or social worker, I will demonstrate passion for supporting the success of all the students, with emphasis on the populations who need It most. I would bring this passion to my role at your school and I look forward to working as a part of a team of service providers to ensure the success of our students. I would also provide diverse and specialized services to students, families and communities, in order to help students attain axiom benefits from the school program. Students are the primary focus of the educational process. I could contribute knowledge and concern for the wide range of social, emotional, cultural and economic differences among children, families and communities. The current characteristics that I possess are as follows: Appropriate empathy skills – eventually able to be helpful In the situation or Issue Good listening skills ? screening situations to get to the heart of an Issue or complaint, while still extending compassion and support Ability to organize – case situations and identify and prioritize interventionsÃ'› identify and organize resources in relation to parental concerns Objectivity – do not personalize situations, allow clients to vent, then assess the situation or concern Clarifying central issues for the parent that may not be easily seen because of the anger, frustration or disappointment Interviewing skills Confidentially – being able to be confident, but able to help the clients The following heartsickness are necessary to be an effective helper: Genuineness Self-Awareness Acceptance Desire to help Patience Listening Communicating Giving Feedback Observing Confronting I am confident that my expe rience and skills will make me a valuable member of the Hempstead School District social work team. I have enclosed my resume, and will call much for your time and consideration How to cite Characteristics and Statement, Papers

Marketing Analysis of Burberry Essay Example

Marketing Analysis of Burberry Essay The buyer of the razor should be men aged 20-34 and should belong to pre-married ABA, CLC socio-economic groups. Strategy By targeting selected costumers and offering them particularly described product company should achieve chosen objectives. Ups mix Product Source: Presentation week 7 Product Attributes Barberrys new razor should have very high quality blades made from expensive material for long lasting performance. Core product should also have at least four blades since most of the razors in todays market have from 3 to 5 blade system. There should be lubricating layer with vitamin e and aloe (for more comfortable shave). Products handle should consist of unique the Barberry check mixed with stainless steel or some other luxury looking material. Another important thing is boxing, it should attract people attention with its color shape and material. Benefits This product should satisfy its buyer with extremely fashionable and unique design, comfortably fit the contours of the hand, providing a smooth, firm grip and superior shaving results. Values The main companies values traditions, uniqueness, style and luxury should be seen in this new Barberrys razor. Positioning We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Analysis of Burberry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Analysis of Burberry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Analysis of Burberry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Cellular Metabolism in Yeast essays

Cellular Metabolism in Yeast essays The yeast Saccromyces cerevisae was placed in two different sets of test tubes along with glucose and MgSO4 or NaF to test the effects of the MgSO4 and NaF on yeast cellular metabolism. A third set of test tubes was used as a control. The results show that there is not a significant difference between any of the three groups, but an experimental error may have caused these findings. Yeasts are unicellular members of the Kingdom Fungi that can ferment sugar and produce ethanol. This particular experiment deals with Saccharomyces cerevisttae, a type of yeast that reproduces asexually by budding (Stanford). Yeast survives on oxygen, so it is an aerobe. It also has the amazing ability of adapting to oxygen-less environments and surviving as an anaerobe (Cofalec). Metabolism is the biochemical assimilation and dissimilation of nutrients by a cell (Munich). Redox reactions form new cellular material and generate energy. The different reactions can be divided into anabolism and catabolism (Gamboa). Using the necessary equipment, yeast can be metabolized and studied in the laboratory. This experiment deals with the effects of MgSO4 and NaF on anaerobic respiration in Saccharomyces cerevisttae. We hypothesize that we will obtain statistically significant differences in our experimental groups when we compare them to the control. We obtained and carefully cleaned nine test tubes, placed them into a test tube rack, then poured 8 ml of 1.0 M glucose into each of them. In the three control test tubes, we added 8 ml deionized water. After that, we shook and added 8 ml of a yeast suspension into all test tubes. Using a fume hood, we added 8 ml 0.01M MgSO4 to three test tubes that did not have the deionized water in them. 8 ml of 0.1M NaF were added to the final three test tubes. We placed inverted vials over each test tube then inverted each system. Using a grease pencil, we marked the fluid's meniscus on each tube th ...

The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland

The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland Also known as the Central African Federation, the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was created between August 1st and October 23, 1953, and lasted until December 31, 1963. The federation joined the British protectorate of Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), the colony of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), and the protectorate of Nyasaland (now Malawi). Origins of the Federation White European settlers in the region were perturbed about the increasing black African population but had been stopped during the first half of the twentieth century from introducing more draconian rules and laws by the British Colonial Office. The end of World War II led to increased white immigration, especially in Southern Rhodesia, and there was a worldwide need for copper which existed in quantity in Northern Rhodesia. White settler leaders and industrialists once again called for a union of the three colonies to increase their potential and harness the black workforce. The election of the National Party in South Africa in 1948 worried the British government, which began to see federation as a potential counter to the Apartheid policies being introduced in SA. It was also seen as a potential sop to black nationalists in the region who were starting to ask for independence. Black nationalists in Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia were worried that the white settlers of Southern Rhodesia would come to dominate any authority created for the new federation; this proved to be true, as the Federations first appointed prime minister was Godfrey Huggins, Viscount Malvern, who had already served as PM of Southern Rhodesia for 23 years. Operation of the Federation The British government planned for the Federation to eventually become a British dominion, and it was overseen from the start by a British assigned governor-general. The federation was an economic success, at least at the start, and there was an investment in a few expensive engineering projects, such as the Kariba hydro-electric dam on the Zambezi. In addition, in comparison to South Africa, the political landscape was more liberal. Black Africans worked as junior ministers and there was an income/property-owning basis to the franchise which allowed some black Africans to vote. There was still, however, an effective white minority rule to the government of the federation, and just as the rest of Africa was expressing a desire for majority rule, nationalist movements in the federation were growing. Break up of the Federation In 1959 Nyasaland nationalists called for action, and the resultant disturbances led to the authorities declaring a state of emergency. Nationalist leaders, including Dr. Hastings Kamuzu Banda, were detained, many without a trial. After his release in 1960, Banda decamped to London, where with Kenneth Kaunda and Joshua Nkomo he continued to campaign for an end to the federation. The early sixties saw independence come to a number of French African colonies, and the British prime minister, Harold Macmillan, gave his famous wind of change speech in South Africa. The British had already decided in 1962 that Nyasaland should be allowed to secede from the federation. A conference held in early 63 at Victoria Falls was seen as a last-ditch attempt to maintain the federation. It failed. It was announced on February 1, 1963, that the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland would be broken up. Nyasaland achieved independence, within the Commonwealth, as Malawi on July 6, 1964. Northern Rhodesia became independent as Zambia on October 24th that year. White settlers in Southern Rhodesia announced a Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) on November 11, 1965.

The Life in Thailand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Life in Thailand - Essay Example My native country is Thailand, which means â€Å"freedom†, and we call our country â€Å"Prathet Thai†. Buddhism and other religions and beliefs have a great influence on Thai art and way of life. In Thailand, the two main cultures are the ‘court one’ and ‘Ramvong.’ The court one culture is based on Buddhist values with the elements of Hinduism. Ramvong, on the other hand, is a folk culture with traditional songs and dances about the belief in spirits, tales, ceremonies of the agricultural cycle and the cycle of human life. This type of culture also includes crafts like the manufacture of household goods, wood processing, home silk weaving, wickerwork, rattan, and many others. The court culture is represented by Thai classical theater also known as "Khon". The performance is accompanied by traditional Thai music orchestra called "Phi Phat†. Typical Thai architecture is represented by Buddhist monasteries, frescoes in the temples and statu es of the Buddha. The culture in Singapore resembles a mixture of primarily British, Chinese, Indian, and Malay cultures. For a long time, Singapore was a colony of Britain, because of this the European culture got a great prevalence within this land. There are four state languages in Singapore: English, Malay, Chinese (Mandarin), and Tamil. The most interesting and unusual thing about Singaporeans is their obsession with food. Food is the main topic that people discuss during small talks. A lot of festivals, exhibitions, and excursions are devoted to food.

Analysis of Retail Marketing Nuances Term Paper

Analysis of Retail Marketing Nuances - Term Paper Example Of all the changes in distribution during the last century, those taking place in retailing have been the most dramatic. Totally new institutions have appeared in an industry that a hundred years ago consisted mostly of small general and specialty stores. The principle retailing innovation in the 1930s was the supermarket, which introduced a number of principles of mass merchandising that cut costs and increased volume at a time when family incomes were strained. The original supermarkets, in fact, were not very attractive, but times have now changed. With innovative techniques of attracting the customers, supermarket chains have established themselves in a big way. Supermarkets introduced the principle of self-service, wherein the customer is supposed to do the leg work, which resulted in a reduction of the personal cost of the supermarket. Self-service also resulted in encouraging impulse purchases, as the consumer could physically touch and feel all the attractively packaged stuff kept on display. In this study I'll study the nuances of retail marketing through my superstore 'Woolworth' a major superstore chain having branches in many countries and offering a range of products from consumer durables, electronic items, toys, sports and leisure items to fresh food. We take pride in customer assistance and a range of extra services and facilities. Woolworths Group plc is principally a UK retailer focused on the home, family, and entertainment. Woolworths offers its customers value-for-money on an extended range of products. It is built around the well known Woolworths brand which is represented in towns and cities throughout the UK Frank Woolworth started his retail career as a sales assistant like me in the Augsbury and Moore Dry Goods Store in Watertown, New York in 1873. This young boy was desperately in need of a job and the co-owner William Moore took pity on the young farm boy and accepted his offer to work 'free of charge' on a three month trial in the store. If we see this episode in retrospective we'll find a trace of the retail marketing principles even in this offer of this young boy. The boy not only proved his worth but went on to create history in the retailing industry.  

Overcrowding in 19th Century Britain

Overcrowding in 19th Century Britain The Problem of Overcrowding in 19th Century Urban Britain During the nineteenth century urban populations grew at an extremely fast rate as industrial growth drew people into the cities in the search for employment. This rapid growth caused a great deal of concern amongst Victorian politicians and authorities regarding law and order, but they were at first unaware of the far greater danger which was the poor sanitation caused by the speedy building of back-to-back housing created to accommodate this population growth. The main points I will be addressing in this essay will be a) how far the growth of population was the main cause of bad health caused by overcrowding, and b) how the authorities dealt with such health problems and how far they were successful. I have chosen this particular subject because it can be argued that it was the main problem of urban living in the nineteenth century, and other problems such as pollution, cholera outbreaks or infant mortality could be said to be caused or exacerbated by such overcrowding. By the time of the 1851 census, and for the first time in the nation’s history, more people were living in urban areas than they were in rural areas. Between each census from 1841 to 1881, the population of urban areas grew by an average of 25% and by 1881 the urban population was 70.2% of the total population of England and Wales.[1] In Manchester, the city where the cotton industry caused massive urban growth, the population had increased six times within sixty years by 1831.[2] In order to cope with such numbers building of houses was undertaken as quickly as possible, often in small areas of land, which meant that in poorer areas houses were built back-to-back in high density in order to accommodate as many people as possible. In order to save space, they were built without gardens, around dark courtyards with communal privies at the end of each street. Some buildings in Edinburgh had more than ten storeys, which meant that people had to carry water up many stairs – and often didn’t bother. In Manchester, the large numbers of Irish immigrants created pockets of poverty-stricken communities living amongst the factories and smoke where ‘several families might be living under one roof or even in â€Å"the pestilential atmosphere† of one room.’[3] In London, in the period before the underground railway, when people still needed to be able to walk to work, building programs took place close to the city areas without any plannin g from central sources. Thus areas such as Bethnal Green and Whitechapel suffered from gross overcrowding, and in Covent Garden, older buildings were converted into tenements and cellars to provide for the poor settlers who swept into the metropolis, particularly in the area known as ‘The Rookeries’ where refugees from the Irish famine had settled. In 1847 Dickens described the ‘disorderly crop of beginnings of mean houses, rising out of the rubbish, as if they had been unskilfully sown there.’[4] Edwin Chadwick’s Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Classes, commissioned by the government to investigate sanitation in 1842 was undertaken through a system of interviews and visits carried out by Poor Law medical officers and commissioners. Its evidence revealed how many families lived in cellars, often several families at the same time, which were subject to flooding. In one example in Manchester, 40 people were discovered to be living in one cellar. Furthermore, unscrupulous owners of lodging houses, taking advantage of the need for housing, would put lodgers up in ‘poorly furnished, badly ventilated and overcrowded’ rooms.[5] Chadwick’s report revealed that mortality rates in urban areas were much higher than in rural areas, particularly amongst the poorer classes. In fact, the average age of death for labourers in districts such as Liverpool and Manchester was around 15 during the period 1839-40, indicating an extremely high infant mortality rate. Chadwick himself attributed these figures to squalid and overcrowded living conditions, although badly ventilated working areas and long working hours were also a contributory factor.[6] Chadwick’s report did raise awareness, yet many people, in particular the Conservative Party, did not support his recommendations, and the pressure group set up in 1844, the Health of Towns Association, found very little was being done in towns and cities to counteract the effects of poor sanitation. The attitude of laissez-faire was strong, and many authorities were opposed to sanitary reform for economic reasons. The evidence shown by Chadwick would seem to show an obvious correlation between overcrowding and poor health. However, the association between dirt and disease was not yet fully understood at this time. Outbreaks of cholera in the 1840s and 50s were the subject of much debate over its likely causes and very little was understood about how the disease was spread. It was noted, however, that the worst cases of cholera seemed to prevail in areas of towns where there was very poor sewerage or drainage, and Dr John Snow tried to demonstrate through scientific experiment that disease was water-borne. However, Snow met with huge opposition within the medical profession, and it was not until 1883 that his theory was proved. Thus, although people like Snow and Chadwick tried to encourage cleanliness amongst the working classes, very little effective work was done by the authorities. Chadwick did not suggest curative methods in his report. He declared: ‘engineers were needed for the task at hand not the medical profession’[7] He was more concerned with preventative measures, ensuring towns had regular supplies of clean water, and that houses had adequate drainage into proper sewers. However, this is not to say that medicine did not play a role in the developments that eventually led to improvements in town and city health. Medicine did in fact play a very important role in the improvements in housing. At the beginning of the century very little was known about the causes of disease, and doctors had very little equipment with which to carry out research. Surgery was extremely primitive and carried out in what we now know as unhygienic conditions. It was not until 1865 that Louis Pasteur proved his germ theory: that these micro-organisms could cause decay and disease. Robert Koch built on Pasteur’s work by showing that different types of germs caused specific illnesses, and that the answer to curing disease was to destroy the specific germ. It was Koch who, in 1883, identified the germ that caused cholera. From Pasteur and Koch’s work, vaccines began to be developed in the 1880s.[8] It was due to these discoveries, and the work of Dr. John Snow, that the authorities finally realised that it was necessary to make radical changes in the drainage and water systems in towns and cities. In 1866, the year after Pasteur had made proved his germ theory, the Sanitary Act was passed, forcing towns to appoint sanitary inspectors. Local government became responsible for public health, and eventually Public Health Act 1872 was formed, creating separate bodies each headed by a Medical Officer of Health. Despite these developments, it took a long time for housing to improve. Back-to-Back housing was still being erected in Leeds and Bradford up until 1937, despite some building regulations and strong calls for their demise.[9] In rural areas, especially around the mining towns of Wales, house building was still very hasty without due care for health, as is evidenced in this report on the area by Merthyr Tydfil: ‘If a new colliery is opened in an upland valley 200, 300 or 400 houses are built very rapidly, and they inhabited long before they are dry.’[10] However, some cities, such as Bury and Liverpool, forbid the building of back-to-backs in the 1860s. To sum up, the problem of overcrowding in urban and industrial Britain in the 19th century was one that was not widely recognised by the authorities in the early part of the century. Housing was created to accommodate vast numbers of industrial workers who flooded into the cities, and the speed at which they were built meant that little care was taken to provide adequate drainage and disposal of sewerage. Reformers such as Chadwick saw that there was a distinct connection between overcrowding and mortality rates, but it was not until scientific and medical advances proved that germs and bacteria carried by dirty water supplies caused diseases such as cholera that the government took any adequate action. The main sources I have used for this essay are Taylor, Best and Briggs. Taylor does not provide the highest academic level of text, but his clear chapters separated into different economic and social subjects, and his use of primary sources provides useful factual information. Best is one of the recognised authorities on Victorian Britain and he provides a detailed account of life in mid Victorian England. Briggs is also highly regarded as an expert in this field, and his detailed historical research provides a good, detailed overview of specific British cities during this period. Bibliography Best, Geoffrey, Mid-Victorian Britain 1851-75, Fontana Press, 1990 Briggs, Asa, Victorian Cities, Penguin, 1990 Taylor, David, Mastering Economic and Social History, Macmillan, 1988 Wilson, A. N., The Victorians, Arrow, 2003 1 Footnotes [1] Best, Geoffrey, Mid-Victorian Britain 1851-75, Fontana Press, p.24 [2] Briggs, Asa, Victorian Cities, Penguin, p.89 [3] ibid, p.92 [4] quoted in Briggs, A, p.346 [5] Taylor, David, Mastering Economic and Social History, Macmillan, p.303 [6] ibid, p.307-8 [7] Taylor, D., p.310 [8] ibid, pp.319-20 [9] Briggs, A., p.156 [10] quoted in Best, G., p.39

Consumer Behavior and Purchase Decision Making Process

Consumer behavior and purchase decision making process Every day we need to make a decissions – buy or not to buy anything. There are many things which helps us to make decissions like location, mood, advertisments and other. Consumer behavior is the mental and emotional processes and physical activities people engage in when they select, purchase, use, and dispose of products or services to satisfy particular needs and desires. A consumer goes through several stages before purchasing a product or service: 1. need; 2. information gathering/search; 3. evaluation of alternatives; . purchase of product/service; 5. post purchase evaluation. In my opinion, in this process there are two main steps – information gathering and evaluation of alternatives. These steps help to understand how much you need the product and how good it is. The buying process starts with comming needs. A need can be activated through internal or external stimuli. A need can also be aroused by an exter nal stimulus such as sight of a new thing in a shop while purchasing other things. Need is the most important factor which leads to buying of products and services.Need infact is the catalyst which triggers the buying decision of individuals. After need arousal, the consumer tries to solve it and gathers the sources and information about the product. Depending upon the intensity of need, it produces two states of individual. The first state is called heightened attention when the consumer becomes more receptive to the information regarding the item he needs. If a consumer needs to purchase a refrigerator, he will pay mere attention to fridge ads and the remarks made by friends and associates about fridges.If need is more intense, the individual enters a state of active information search and he tries to collect more information about the product, its key attributes, qualities of various brands and about the outlets where they are available. There are a lot of consumer information so urces like family, friends, advertisements, mass media, salesman. In my opinion, it is hard to arrange in the order wich one is the best source where get information about product. All these sources have pluses and minuses.If I prefer get information from family there is possibility that I do not get info about technical stuff. Or if I choose only salesman advice he can aggrandize about product advantages. That is why I recommend to take information as much as possible from every source. Having collected the information, the consumer clarify and evaluate the alternatives. There is, unfortunately no simple and single evaluation process used by all consumers or even by one consumer in all buying situations. Consumers can make choices based on their emotions and feelings.They elicit from memory their overall evaluations of products and choos the alternative for which they have the most positive feelings. One of the most current process of evaluation is to judge the product largely on a conscious and rational basis. Various considerations form the part of judgment such as product attributes, importance, weights, brand image, utility function for each attribute, and attitude and other. After evaluation of various alternatives, he takes the decision to buy or not to buy.Ofcourse, people can make choice on the spur of the moment, often without prior problem recognition. But I recommend going through all theese five steps focusing on information gathering and evaluation of alternatives. And always remember that the best impression about product you can get only after you try it. Izmantota literatura: http://www. managementstudyguide. com/consumer-decision-making-process. htm http://uwmktg301. blogspot. com/2010/01/evaluation-of-alternatives. html http://www. slideshare. net/Annie05/consumer-buying-behavior-and-decision-making-presentation

White Peoples Perceptions on Divorce Essay - 1096 Words

White Peoples Perceptions on Divorce White peoples perceptions on divorce differ from those of Asian origin. From living in a multi- cultural community it has become apparent to me through my experiences that divorce has become more socially acceptable amongst white people then Asian people. I want to test and explore possible reasons behind these evident changes in attitudes. I would also like to investigate the impact factors like secularisation and legislation have had on Asian perceptions of divorce. The stigma that existed with divorce in the past, ceases to exist in todays society because divorce is an accepted norm. There is also a gap in relevant sociological research into†¦show more content†¦Ronald Fletcher gives one reason for rising divorce rates, however, there are numerous more, such as the reasons given by Bryan Wilson. Wilson argues that the stigma and shame that existed with marriage in the 19th century ceases to exist in todays society. According to Wilson, divorce has now become more socially acceptable because of a change in attitude as part of a process of s ecularisation. He states that religious ideas of marriage have lost their influence, and authenticates this claim by stating that less then half of marriage ceremonies are religious, and of those that are, neither the bride or groom are frequent church attendees. Wilson talks about the impact of secularisation on peoples perceptions and acceptance of divorce. Wilson, in his research, defines secularisation as being the process whereby religious thinking, practise and institutions lose their social significance. Rising divorce rates are a sign that society is becoming more tolerant of divorce and secularisation is seen as being one of the main factors for this. However, secularisation has affected Asian communities differently. It does not appear to be a dominant feature in Asian communities. Religion is stronger in southern Asian families. However, Wilson fails to acknowledge this. His research can onlyShow MoreRelatedAmerican Culture : The People s Way Of Life Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican culture shows that the more stake a person has in this culture the less he or she cares about ethics and morality. And the policies they make dictate the path of the society. American Culture is deeply embedded in our society. Culture is a people’s way of life. Therefore, the American culture shows the way Americans live. Morality refers to the proper behavior and includes distinction of intentions. On the other hand, ethics mostly deals with feelings and whether the people having the feelingsRead MoreThe Bad Image Of Black Athlete1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe bad image of black athlete is one of the most important problems today. African American athletes are not that different from white athletes; however, media betrays a bad image of them for some unknown reasons. 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